Local generation

It presents various types of generation source that feed electricity to user. These sources are divided into two major groups – thermal energy sources (ex. Diesel generators) and renewable generation sources (e.g. wind turbines, solar).

Consumption

It simply refers to elements that consume electricity which range from single devices to lighting, heating system of buildings, commercial centers, etc. In the case of controllable loads, the electricity consumption can be modified in demand of the network.

Energy Storage

In microgrid, energy storage is able to perform multiple functions, such as ensuring power quality, including frequency and voltage regulation, smoothing the output of renewable energy sources, providing backup power for the system and playing crucial role in cost optimization. It includes all of electrical, pressure, gravitational, flywheel, and heat storage technologies.

Point of common coupling (PCC)

It is the point in the electric circuit where a microgrid is connected to a main grid. Microgrids that do not have a PCC are called isolated microgrids which are usually presented in the case of remote sites (e.g., remote communities or remote industrial sites) where an interconnection with the main grid is not feasible due to either technical and/or economic constraints.

EMS

Energy management system (EMS): Software and hardware for balancing energy supply (including storage) and demand to maintain stable operations.